Philosophy
Also known as
- Add other possible names for this type
"Philosophy is the discipline concerned with questions of how one should live (ethics); what sorts of things exist and what are their essential natures (metaphysics); what counts as genuine knowledge (epistemology); and what are the correct...
more
-
Results: 1 – 30 of 101
| close name | close image | close Also Typed With | close article |
|---|---|---|---|
| Existentialism |
|
Philosophical Movement |
Existentialism is a philosophical movement which posits that individuals create the meaning and essence of their lives, as opposed to it being created for them by deities or authorities or defined for them by philosophical or theological doctrines.
...
|
| Film subject | |||
| Book Subject | |||
| Christian existentialism |
|
Philosophical Movement |
Christian existentialism describes a group of writings that take a philosophically existentialist approach to Christian theology. The school of thought is often traced back to the work of Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855).
Christian...
|
| Existential phenomenology |
Existential phenomenology is a philosophical current inspired by Martin Heidegger's work Sein und Zeit (1927).
In contrast with his former mentor Edmund Husserl, Heidegger put ontology before epistemology and thought that phenomenology would have...
|
||
| Existential humanism |
Existential Humanism is a concept that can be understood in several different ways. Sartre said "Existentialism is a humanism" because it expresses the power of human beings to make freely-willed choices, independent of the influence of religion or...
|
||
| Objectivism |
|
Book Subject |
Objectivism is a philosophy developed by Ayn Rand in the 20th century that encompasses positions on metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, and aesthetics.
Objectivism holds that reality exists independent from consciousness; that individual...
|
| Philosophical Movement | |||
| Phenomenology |
|
Philosophical Movement |
Phenomenology is the study of phenomena (from Greek, meaning "that which appears") and how they appear to us from a first-person perspective. In modern times, it usually refers to the philosophy developed by Edmund Husserl, which is primarily...
|
| Heterophenomenology | Philosophical Movement |
Heterophenomenology ("phenomenology of another not oneself"), is a term coined by Daniel Dennett to describe an explicitly third-person, scientific approach to the study of consciousness and other mental phenomena. It consists of applying the...
|
|
| Transcendentalism | Religion |
Transcendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century. It is sometimes called American transcendentalism to distinguish it from other uses of the...
|
|
| Philosophical Movement | |||
| Idealism |
|
Philosophical Movement |
Idealism is the doctrine that idea, or thought, make up either the whole or an indispensable aspect of any full reality, so that a world of material objects containing no thought either could not exist as it is experienced, or would not be fully ...
|
| Metaphysics |
|
Field Of Study |
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy investigating principles of reality transcending those of any particular science. Cosmology and ontology are traditional branches of metaphysics. It is concerned with explaining the ultimate nature of being...
|
| Film subject | |||
| Quotation Subject | |||
| Philosophical Movement | |||
| Epistemology |
|
Field Of Study |
Epistemology (from Greek επιστήμη - episteme, "knowledge" + λόγος, "logos") or theory of knowledge is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge. The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James...
|
| Literary Genre | |||
| Media genre | |||
| Empiricism |
|
Philosophical Movement |
In philosophy, empiricism is a theory of knowledge that is practical rather than abstract, and asserts that knowledge arises from experience rather than revelation.
Empiricism is one view held about how we know things, and so is part of the branch...
|
| Rationalism | Book Subject |
In epistemology and in its broadest sense, rationalism is "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification" (Lacey 286). In more technical terms it is a method or a theory "in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory...
|
|
| Philosophical Movement | |||
| Solipsism |
|
Philosophical Movement |
Solipsism (Latin: solus, alone + ipse, self) is the philosophical idea that "My mind is the only thing that I know exists." Solipsism is an epistemological or metaphysical position that knowledge of anything outside the mind is unjustified. The...
|
| Positivism | Philosophical Movement |
Positivism is the philosophy that the only authentic knowledge is knowledge that is based on actual sense experience. Such knowledge can only come from affirmation of theories through strict scientific method. Metaphysical speculation is avoided. It...
|
|
| Logical positivism | Philosophical Movement |
Logical positivism (later and more accurately called logical empiricism) is a school of philosophy that combines empiricism, the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world, with a version of rationalism...
|
|
| Skepticism |
|
Quotation Subject |
In ordinary usage, skepticism or scepticism (Greek: 'σκέπτομαι' skeptomai, to look about, to consider; see also spelling differences) refers to
In philosophy, skepticism refers more specifically to any one of several propositions. These include...
|
| Analytic philosophy | Philosophical Movement |
Analytic philosophy (sometimes analytical philosophy) is a term used in two main senses. First, it can be used to denote a specific movement in early 20th century philosophy, led by Bertrand Russell, G.E. Moore, and Ludwig Wittgenstein, which made...
|
|
| Quotation Subject | |||
| Consequentialism |
|
Philosophical Movement |
Consequentialism refers to those moral theories which hold that the consequences of a particular action form the basis for any valid moral judgment about that action. Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right action is one that...
|
| Pragmatism |
|
Book Subject |
Pragmatism is a philosophic school generally considered to have originated in the late nineteenth century with Charles Peirce, who first stated the pragmatic maxim. It came to fruition in the early twentieth-century philosophies of William James and...
|
| Philosophical Movement | |||
| Coherentism |
There are two distinct types of coherentism. One refers to the coherence theory of truth. The otheris belief in the coherence theory of justification an epistemological theory opposing foundationalism and offering a solution to the regress argument....
|
||
| Aristotelianism |
|
Philosophical Movement |
Aristotelianism is a tradition of philosophy that takes its defining inspiration from the work of Aristotle. Sometimes contrasted by critics with the rationalism and idealism of Plato, Aristotelianism is understood by its proponents as critically...
|
| Dualism | Philosophical Movement |
Dualism denotes a state of two parts. The word's origin is the Latin duo, "two" . The term 'dualism' was originally coined to denote that co-eternal binary opposition, a meaning that is preserved in metaphysical and philosophical discourse but has...
|
|
| Monism | Philosophical Movement |
Monism is the metaphysical and theological view that all is one, that all reality is subsumed under the most fundamental category of being or existence.
Monism is to be distinguished from dualism, which holds that ultimately there are two kinds of...
|
|
| Epicureanism | Philosophical Movement |
Epicureanism is a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of Epicurus (c. 341–c. 270 BC), founded around 307 BC. Epicurus was an atomic materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. His materialism led him to a general attack on...
|
|
| Hegelianism |
Hegelianism is a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel which can be summed up by Hegel's "the rational alone is real," which means that all reality is capable of being expressed in rational categories. His goal was to reduce reality...
|
||
| Hermeneutics |
|
Philosophical Movement |
Hermeneutics may be described as the development and study of theories of the interpretation and understanding of texts. In contemporary usage in religious studies, hermeneutics refers to the study of the interpretation of religious texts.
It is...
|
| Humanism |
|
Belief |
Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities particularly rationality. It is a component of a variety...
|
| Religion | |||
| Philosophical Movement | |||
| Kantianism | Philosophical Movement |
Kantianism is the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher born in Königsberg, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia). The term Kantianism or Kantian is still often used to describe contemporary positions in philosophy of mind, epistemology, and...
|
|
| Marxism |
|
Political Philosophy |
Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Any political practice or theory that is based on an interpretation of the works of Marx and Engels may be called Marxism. Despite being...
|
| Quotation Subject | |||
| Philosophical Movement | |||
